Substance abuse during pregnancy refers to the use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and other drugs, by pregnant women. Substance abuse during pregnancy can have a range of negative consequences for both the mother and the developing fetus, including increased risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth, low birth weight, and birth defects. Substance abuse during pregnancy can also increase the risk of long-term health and developmental problems for the child, including cognitive and behavioral issues, as well as increased risk of substance use disorders later in life.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized substance abuse during pregnancy as a major public health issue, and has developed guidelines and recommendations for the prevention and treatment of substance use disorders in pregnant women. These guidelines emphasize the importance of screening and early intervention for substance use disorders in pregnant women, as well as the need for comprehensive, integrated care that addresses the complex needs of pregnant women and their families. The WHO also promotes the use of evidence-based interventions, such as counseling and medication-assisted treatment, to support pregnant women in achieving and maintaining recovery from substance use disorders.